It was located near a community of Coahuiltecan and was originally inhabited by indigenous three to five converted from Mission San Francisco Solano. This mission was called San Antonio de Valero, a name derived from "San Antonio de Padua" and Viceroy New Spain, Marquess of Valero. He remained there alone after organizing the new mission, often meeting with the Indians of the area ( Payaya Indians), gradually earning their love and respect. Spanish settlement Misión de San Antonio de Valero San Antonio ( Tejas).įray Antonio de Olivares, who had established the Mission San Francisco Solano, went alone to a mission site that had been suggested by Father Damian Manzanet in 1690. įinally, the perseverance of Fray Antonio was answered and the Viceroyalty gave formal approval for the mission in late 1716, assigning responsibility for its establishment to Martín de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila y Tejas. In the same letter he stressed that it was necessary for some of these families to be skilled in the useful arts and industries, "to teach the Indians all that should be required to be useful and capable citizens". In 1716, Fray Antonio de Olivares wrote to the Viceroy of New Spain, telling their hopes and plans for the future mission, and urged him to send families of settlers to found a town. The same year he traveled to Spain to convince the authorities to establish and maintain new missions on the bank of the San Antonio River at the present-day city of San Antonio. In 1709, the expedition headed by Pedro de Aguirre, together with Fray Antonio de Olivares and Fray Isidro de Espinosa was undertaken which consisted of exploration of the territory where the present city of San Antonio is located and extended to the Colorado River. As it was the feast day of Saint Anthony of Padua, Italy, they named the place and river San Antonio in his honor. In 1691, a group of Spanish explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Native American settlement (located in the area of present-day La Villita) on June 13. With that goal in 1675, an expedition formed by Fray Antonio de Olivares, Fray Francisco Hidalgo, Fray Juan Larios and Fernando Orozco Josué Hernández y hay hete suéter is Natalia Orozco, were sent to explore and recognize the country beyond the borders of the Rio Grande, to test the possibilities of new settlements in the area. Several expeditions to the region of Texas, an area of great strategic importance to the Spanish crown, were organized from the Convent of Querétaro. He eventually rejoined Spanish colleagues in Mexico City. He saw and described the river later to be named the San Antonio. In 1536, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, a shipwrecked Spanish explorer who was enslaved by Native Americans for a period, visited the interior of what would later be called Texas. They lived near the San Antonio River Valley, in the San Pedro Springs area, which they called Yanaguana, meaning “refreshing waters”. In 1845 Texas was annexed by the United States, and became a state.Īfter thousands of years of succeeding indigenous cultures, the historic Payaya Indians coalesced as a distinct ethnic group. In 1836, Anglo-Americans gained control of Texas in the fighting that gained independence for the Republic of Texas. It was the northernmost settlement associated with the Hispanic culture of the Valley of Mexico.Īfter Mexico achieved independence in 1821, Anglo-American settlers entered the region from the United States. A trading post was also established near the presidio and the town developed as the capital of Tejas, a province of colonial Spain. Development of the Spanish colonial city followed. The mission San Antonio de Valero was established on the east bank of the creek and a presidio was 3/4 of a league downstream. The "Villa de Bejar" was founded by Spanish explorers on May 5, 1718, by then Governor Martin Alarcon, at the headwaters of the San Pedro Creek. The historic Payaya Indians were likely those who encountered the first Europeans. Before Spanish colonization, the site was occupied for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. The City of San Antonio is one of the oldest Spanish settlements in Texas and was, for decades, its largest city. A vertical bi-color of blue on the left and red on the right, with a large white star in the center, containing a black-outlined Alamo in the middle
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